农户生计资本对生态退化逆转趋势影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Farmers'Livelihood Capital on the Reversal Trend of Ecological Degradation

【目的】研究河西沙化区农户生计资本对生态退化逆转的影响。【方法】实地调研、农户问卷调查和文献资料收集数据与分析,运用SLA可持续生计框架,构建沙化区农户生计多维评价指标,采用因子分析法和Logistic回归模型,整理分析河西沙化区523份农户调查问卷,研究农户生计资本对生态退化逆转趋势的影响。【结果】河西沙化区农户生计资本为2.727,其中人力资本为0.358,自然资本为0.283,物质资本为0.681,金融资本为0.454,社会资本为0.609,文化资本为0.350。从农户对河西沙化区生态退化逆转趋势综合响应得分看,纯农户对生态退化逆转响应得分最低,为-0.502,兼农户处于生态退化逆转响应边缘,为-0.053;非农户对生态退化逆转响应度得分为0.32。随着家庭收入增加,农户对生态退化逆转趋势的响应得分度呈现“一”字型缓慢上升。人力资本、物质资本与社会资本对生态退化逆转可持续影响较大,贡献也较大。在Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组中,人力资本每增加一个单位农户对生态退化逆转趋势综合响应转为可持续的发生概率将分别增大e3.752=42.61倍和e2.433=11.39倍,物质资本将分别增大8.13和22.22倍,社会资本将分别增大6.65和1.77倍。【结论】河西沙化区农户生计资本总体偏低,结构不均衡;纯农户生计资本低,非农户生计资本高。随着纯农户到非农户生计方式的转变,农户对生态退化逆转响应的综合得分不断提高,但纯农户的认知和行为响应对该区域生态退化逆转还没有起到明显的正向促进作用。沙化区农户生计资本中的人力资本、物质资本与社会资本,对生态退化逆转趋势具有重要影响作用。

【Objective】To study the effect of peasant household livelihood capital on the reversion of ecological degradation in Hexi desertification area.【Methods】Using field investigation,farmer questionnaire and literature analysis,using SLA sustainable livelihood framework to construct multi-dimensional evaluation index of farmers'livelihood in desertification area,and using factor analysis and Logistic regression model,523 peasant household questionnaires in Hexi desertification area were analyzed to explore the influence of farmers'livelihood capital on the reversal trend of ecological degradation.【Results】The livelihood capital of farmers in Hexi desertification area was 2.727,including 0.358 for human capital,0.283 for natural capital,0.681 for material capital,0.454 for financial capital,0.609 for social capital and 0.350 for cultural capital respectively.From the comprehensive response score of farmers to the ecological degradation reversion trend in Hexi desertification area,the response score of pure farmers to the ecological degradation reversion was the lowest,which was-0.502,and the response score of non farmers to the ecological degradation reversion was 0.32.Meanwhile,the study found that with the increase of household incomes,the response of farmers to the reversion trend of ecological degradation showed a slow rise of linear type.Human capital,material capital and social capital had great influence and contribution on the sustainable reversion of ecological degradation.In group I and group II,for each unit of increase in human capital,the probability of turning the comprehensive response of farmers to the reversion trend of ecological degradation into sustainability increased by e3.752=42.61 times and e2.433=11.39 times respectively,the material capital increased by 8.13 times and 22.22 times respectively,and the social capital increased by 6.65 times and 1.77 times respectively.【Conclusion】The total livelihood capital of farmers in Hexi desertification area was low and the structure was unbalanced.The livelihood capital of pure farmers was low while non-farmers was high.With the transform of the way of livelihood from pure farmers into non farmers,the comprehensive score of the response of farmers to ecological degradation has been continually increasing,but the cognitive and behavioral response of pure farmers has not played an obvious positive role in promoting the reversion of ecological degradation in this area.The human capital,material capital and social capital in the livelihood capital of the farmers in the desertification area play an important role in reversing the trend of ecological degradation.