论1978年以前家庭承包责任制的出现——一个公有制、合作制实施机制创新试验的视角

On the Emergence of Household Contract Responsibility System before 1978:A Perspective of Innovation Experiment on the Implementation Mechanism of Public Ownership and Cooperative System

为了更好地实现“两个一百年”的目标,本文在新制度经济学的视域下探讨我国农业政策,通过梳理经典文献,依据历史数据和资料,描述了家庭承包责任制诞生的曲折过程,尤其是揭示了高级农业生产合作社全面建成后包工包产到户等家庭承包责任制出现的背景、基本事实、初步的结局;更独特地,在新中国建立以来较长历史视野中考察家庭承包责任制的诞生史,提出并论证了制度的实施机制问题,将家庭承包责任制看成是公有制+合作制的实施机制,分析总结了其产生的原因、形成的经济绩效,形成了公有制+合作制的实施机制不可或缺的结论。

In order to better achieve the goal of"two centenaries",this paper discusses China's agricultural policy from the perspective of new institutional economics.By combing the classic literature,and based on historical data and materials,this paper describes the tortuous process of the birth of the household contract responsibility system,especially the emergence of the household contract responsibility system such as contract labor,output and household after the comprehensive completion of the advanced agricultural production cooperatives.More specifically,from the historical perspective since the founding of new China,the history of the family contract responsibility system is investigated,and the implementation mechanism of the system is proposed and demonstrated.The family contract responsibility system is regarded as the implementation mechanism of public ownership and cooperative system.This paper analyzes and summarizes the reasons for its emergence and economic performance,and forms the conclusion that the implementation mechanism of public ownership+cooperative system is indispensable.