从碑铭中bark一词看突厥人“敬鬼神”之俗

On the Turkic Custom of"Worship Ghosts and Gods"from the Word"bark"in the Inscription

突厥人在信仰实践方面,除了萨满教、佛教和祆教之外,汉文史料中还提到突厥人“敬鬼神、信巫觋”。一般学者都把此处的“信巫觋”作为突厥人信奉萨满教的佐证,但就“敬鬼神”一俗而言,中外史家鲜有论及。本文从突厥碑铭中一个被多数语文学家误读的突厥语词bark入手,结合汉文史料的记载,重构了突厥人“敬鬼神”的这一信仰实践。实际上,bark的准确含义是“祠庙”,是突厥人“敬鬼神”的场所。祠庙里供奉的既可以是值得敬畏的敌人,也可以是本民族的英烈。这揭示出突厥人信仰的丰富性。

In terms of belief practice,in addition to Shamanism,Buddhism,and Zoroastrianism,Chinese historical materials also mention that ancient Turkic " worship ghosts and gods and belief in witchcraft. " Generally,scholars regard the " belief in witchcraft" here as the evidence of that ancient Turkic believed in shamanism,but as far as " worship ghosts and gods" is concerned,Chinese and foreign historians rarely discuss it. This article begins with the word " bark" on the Turkic inscription that was misread by most linguists,combining ancient Chinese records to reconstruct the practice of " worshiping ghosts and gods" among the Turkic ancients. In fact,the exact meaning of " bark" is " shrine",a place where ancient Turkic people " worship ghosts and gods". The enshrined in temples can be either enemy worthy of awe,or heroes of the nation. This reveals the richness of ancient Turkic beliefs.