诱导子在药用植物毛状根生产次生代谢产物中的作用机理与应用

Mechanism and application of elicitors in the production of secondary metabolites from hairy roots of medicinal plants

药用植物次生代谢产物在医药和食品行业有广泛的应用前景,但天然次生代谢产物利用率较低,因此20世纪80年代出现的毛状根培养技术为药用植物生产次生代谢产物提供了全新的有效途径。目前利用毛状根培养技术已经生产了皂苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类和醌类等次生代谢产物。诱导子不仅能够促进药用植物毛状根超量积累次生代谢产物,而且降低了次生代谢产物的生产成本,在一定程度上保护了珍稀濒危的药用植物资源,从而实现资源的可持续发展。因此利用诱导子处理药用植物毛状根促进次生代谢产物超量积累这一技术受到了国内外的广泛关注。系统介绍了诱导子的分类及其在药用植物次生代谢产物合成中的作用机理,并就其研究和应用现状进行阐述,以期为相关研究和应用提供参考依据。

The secondary metabolites of medicinal plants have a wide application prospect in medicine and food industry,but the utilization rate of natural secondary metabolites is low,so the hairy root culture technique appeared in 1980s provides a new and effective way for the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plant.At present,some secondary metabolites such as saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids and quinones have been produced by hairy root culture.The elicitor not only can promote the excessive accumulation of secondary metabolites in hairy roots of medicinal plants,but also can reduce the production cost of secondary metabolites.To a certain extent,the resources of rare and endangered medicinal plants are protected,thus realizing the sustainable development of the resources.Therefore,the technique of using elicitors to treat hairy roots of medicinal plants for promoting the excessive accumulation of secondary metabolites has been widely concerned at home and abroad.In this paper,the classification of elicitors and their mechanism of action in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants were introduced,and the current status of their research and application was reviewed,so as to provide some references for the related research and application.