生态环境损害侵权责任的规范构造

Normative Construction of Tort Liability for Ecological Environment Damage

借由侵权法调整利益范围的扩张,将属于"共享性公益"的生态利益归入民法调整的"利益"范畴,可由民法典对生态环境予以直接保护。生态环境损害侵权责任作为一种新型侵权类型,其保护对象为人所具有的生态利益,该项生态利益由公众信托给国家,由国家代为行使权利并在遭受损害时主张损害赔偿请求权。生态环境损害侵权责任适用过错推定的归责原则而非无过错的归责原则,生态环境破坏行为与生态环境损害后果之间的因果关系是被推定的。

Through the expansion of interests adjusted by the tort law, the ecological interest, which belong to the"sharing public interest", can be classified into the category of "interests"adjusted by civil law. Therefore, the ecological environment could be protected directly by the Civil Code. As a new type of tort, the object of protection of tort liability for ecological environment damage is the human beings’ ecological interest, which is entrusted to the state by the public, so the state can exercise the right on its behalf and asserts the claim for compensation when this interest is damaged. Tort liability for ecological environmental damage applies the presumed-fault liability principle rather than the no-fault liability principle, the causal relationship between ecological environmental damage behavior and the ecological environment damage is presumed.