民初天津地方审判厅民事强制执行制度建设与实践

Construction and Practice of Civil Enforcement System in Tianjin Local Court in Early Republic of China

民国初期,天津地方审判厅在办理民事执行案件时面临诸多难题,其中之一就是民事执行缺少明确且行之有效的专门规定。为此,天津地方审判厅在调研民事执行实际情况的基础上,拟定了《民事执行办法》四十二条报司法部审核,并按批示修改为三十五条后获准试行,对民事执行机构、承办民事执行人员、民事执行措施等方面进行了规定,成为民初天津第一部地方民事强制执行的法律依据,同时也为全国其他地方的民事执行提供了一个可资借鉴的制度样本。通过对典型案件的观察,可以看出《民事执行办法》不是仅仅停留在纸面上,而是真正适用于天津地方审判厅的司法实践中。天津地方审判厅的民事强制执行制度建设与司法实践,为当今的司法改革提供了另一种视角与思路。

In the early period of the Republic of China, Tianjin local court faced many difficulties in handling civil enforcement cases, one of which was the lack of specific and effective provisions on civil enforcement.Therefore, on the basis of investigating the actual situation of civil enforcement, Tianjin Local Court drew up forty-two articles of Measures for Civil Enforcement, which were submitted to the Ministry of Justice for checking and being amended to thirty-five articles in accordance with instructions. Measures for Civil Enforcement stipulated the civil enforcement agencies, civil enforcement personnel and civil enforcement measures, and so on, which became the first legal basis of civil enforcement in Tianjin, and also provided a model system of civil enforcement for other parts of the country. Through the observation of typical cases, we can find that Measures for Civil Enforcement was not only on paper, but had been really applicable to the judicial practice of Tianjin local court. The civil enforcement system construction and judicial practice of Tianjin local court provide different perspectives and ideas for today’s judicial reform.