耕地功能性流失的表现、驱动机制及其治理

The Representation,Driving Mechanism and Governance of Functional Loss of Cultivated Land

耕地资源管理者设计一系列制度约束与引导耕地资源占用者行为,但在利益与竞争驱动下,威胁耕地资源安全的耕地功能性流失问题频发。除了备受关注的耕地非农化外,近年来,隐性的耕地功能性流失,如优质耕地伪生态化、非粮化、过度利用化与耕地边际化等,对耕地数量、质量、生态的影响不容忽视。面对严峻的耕地功能性流失形势,需改进耕地保护治理工具,如通过加强对耕地资源占用者的约束、建立耕地保护绩效支付机制、高位推动与共享耕地资源管理信息、发挥耕地综合效益、助推可持续集约化农业发展等途径,提升耕地保护绩效,从而有效保障耕地资源安全。

Cultivated land resource managers design a series of system to constraint and guide the behavior of cultivated land resource occupants,but driven by interests and competition,the problem of functional loss of cultivated land that threatens the safety of cultivated land resources occurs frequently.In addition to the cultivated land nonagriculturaltransformation that has received much attention,in recent years,the hidden functional loss of cultivated land such as pseudoecological,nongrain growing,overutilization of highquality cultivated land and marginalization of cultivated land has an inadmissible impact on the quantity,quality and ecology of cultivated land.Facing the severe situation of functional loss of cultivated land,it is necessary to improve the management tools of cultivated land protection,such as by strengthening the constraints on the cultivated land resource occupants,establishing a performance payment mechanism for cultivated land protection,promoting at high levels and sharing the management information of cultivated land resources,exerting the comprehensive benefits of cultivated land,and nudging sustainable intensive agricultural development to improve the performance of cultivated land protection,thereby effectively guaranteeing cultivated land resource security.