《民法典》侵权责任编的绿色制度创新

Innovations of the Green System in Tort Liability Series of the Civil Code

我国《民法典》侵权责任编第七章"环境污染和生态破坏责任"用七个条文规定了绿色制度,体系化贯彻落实《民法典》总则规定的绿色原则。相较于《民法典》颁布前的环境侵权责任体系,《民法典》侵权责任编的绿色制度在权利救济的范围、程度和方式三个方面进行了创新,具体体现为:引入生态破坏责任以扩张权利救济范围;增设环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度以拓深权利救济程度;创设生态环境损害赔偿责任机制,为"绿色诉讼"确立请求权基础,通过规定衔接条款以拓展权利救济方式。

In Chapter VII of the tort liability series of the Civil Code,"Liability for Environmental Pollution and Ecological Damage"stipulates the"green system"with seven articles,and systematically implements the"green principle"proposed in the general provisions of the Civil Code.Compared with the rule system of environmental tort before the promulgation of the Civil Code,the"green system"in tort liability series of the Civil Code has been innovated from three aspects:the scope,degree and method of right relief.Specifically,innovations of the"green system"in tort liability series of the Civil Code are embodied in:the introduction of ecological damage liability to expand the scope of right relief;the establishment of punitive compensation system of environmental tort to deepen the degree of right relief;the creation of liability mechanism of ecological environmental damage compensation,establishing the basis of claim for"green litigation"and expanding the way of right relief through the provision of cohesion clauses.