我国高校研发经费:规模、结构及建议

Research and Development Funds in Chinese Universities:Scale,Structure and Suggestions

高校作为国家创新体系的重要组成部分,其研发活动是国家创新的源头。本文通过国际比较、部门比较和集中度分析对1995-2017年我国高校研发经费的整体规模、研发类型结构和组织配置结构进行系统研究。研究结果表明:1995年以来,我国高校研发经费规模稳步增长,虽然与美国仍然有较大差距,但是已经超越大部分G7国家;高校在国家创新体系中的位置正在下滑,研发类型结构从应用研究“一枝独秀”向基础研究与应用研究“齐头并进”演进;高校研发经费主要集中配置在高水平研究型大学群体,但是集中度低于美国。

As an important part of the national innovation system,universities are the core driving force for national innovation.This paper systematically analyzes the overall scale,research and development(R&D)type and structure,and organizational allocation structure of R&D funds in Chinese universities from 1995 to 2017 through international comparison,department comparison,and concentration analysis.The results show that since 1995,the scale of Chinese universities’R&D expenditure has steadily increased.Although still far below that of the United States,the total R&D expenditure has surpassed most other G7 countries.It is also found that the position of universities in the national innovation system is declining.The“outshining”of basic research alone has evolved to“advancing together”of basic and applied research.The R&D funds for Chinese universities is mainly distributed in a few high-level research universities,but the concentration is lower than that in the United States.