澳门的二元经济结构与政府在产业适度多元发展中的角色

Macao’s Dual Economy and the SAR Government’s Role in the Moderate Diversification of Industries

澳门经济结构存在明显的二元特征:一方面是财力雄厚的国际化博彩企业,它们是澳门经济增长的动力和政府财政收入的主要来源。由于博彩业的特点和其获利性,它们不仅缺乏推动产业多元发展的动机,而且对其他产业发展的资源产生虹吸效应。另一方面是众多的、规模较小、竞争力较弱和主要以本地市场为主的中小企业,它们缺乏推动产业多元发展的能力。面对澳门这种独特二元经济结构,建立与澳门定位相适应的产业结构的重任和实践,既不能违背市场规则,又不能完全委以自由市场。政府在产业适度多元化中的主导作用体现在产业发展的科学规划和政策执行力度、产业发展平台建设和产业基金的建立三个方面。

Macao’s economy is obviously dual.On one hand,is the deep-pocketed international gaming industry which is the driver of Macao’s economic growth and the main source of government revenue.Due to the characteristics and profitability of the gaming industry,it lacks the motivation to diversify the economy;instead it siphons the resources from other industries.On the other hand,is the large number of small and medium-sized enterprises which are smaller in scale,less competitive and mainly local.They lack the ability needed for economic diversification.Faced with this unique dual economy,to establish an industrial structure compatible with Macao’s positioning,we must neither go against market rules nor depend entirely on a free market.The government’s leading role in the moderate diversification is reflected in three aspects:scientific planning of industrial development and the effective enforcement of policies,the construction of industrial development platforms as well as the establishment of industry funds.