张作霖的“惠工”理念与沈阳城市的发展

Chang Tso-lin’s“Industry First”Concept and Its Influence on Urban Development of Shenyang City

张作霖的“惠工”理念是他主政东北时期积极发展工业的一种态度。该理念既与当时流行的“实业救国”社会思潮一脉相承,也是张学良主政东北后提出的“东北新建设”之主张的思想基础;与自下而上的“实业救国”论相比,张作霖的“惠工”理念属于当政者自上而下的“顶层设计”或“系统谋划”。对经济社会的发展推动作用更加巨大,影响也更为深远。20世纪20年代沈阳工业的大繁荣、大发展就是其具体表现。在张作霖“惠工”理念的指导下,沈阳有意识地从“顶层设计”出发,系统规划建设了“惠工”“奉海”“大东”三大工业园区,这在沈阳城市发展历史上不仅是空前的,而且对后来沈阳作为工业城市的历史地位,也起到了决定性的作用。

Chang Tso-lin’s“industry first”concept was an attitude of actively developing industry during his reign in northeast China.This concept was not only the same with the prevailing social thought of“saving country by industry”,but also the basic thought of“new construction in northeast China”after Chang Hsueh-liang taking charge.Comparing with the“bottom-up theory”of“saving country by industry”,Chang Tso-lin’s“industry first”concept belongs to the“top-level design”or“systematic planning”of political leaders.This concept made greater compact on economic and social development.Under the guidance of Zhang’s“industry first”concept,the builders of Shenyang consciously stared from the“top-level design”to systematically plan and construct three industrial zones——“Huigong”“Fenghai”and“Dadong”.This action was not only an unprecedented age in the history of Shenyang urban development,but also played a decisive role about Shenyang as an industrial city in historical status.