杨宪益、戴乃迭的译者惯习比较探析

本文借用布迪厄的社会实践模式和西梅奥尼的"译者惯习"概念,尝试从翻译选材偏好、翻译观或恪守的翻译原则、翻译策略3方面比较分析杨宪益、戴乃迭的译者惯习。因文化身份、早年经历及教育背景不同,杨、戴的译者惯习相异甚至相互冲突,突出表现在出发文化取向的杨宪益主动或被动顺从于"偏重直译"的翻译传统和外文局机构翻译规范,目标文化取向的戴乃迭则试图摆脱规范的制约,积极争取更大的译者自由度和创造性。杨、戴合译本的风格是二人译者惯习交融的产物,但其主要形塑力量是杨宪益的译者惯习。

Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s model of social practice and Daniel Simeoni’s concept of the translator’s habitus, this article attempts to compare Yang Xianyi’s and Gladys Yang’s translatorial habitus in terms of the selection of original texts for translation, the views on translation or the principle of translation adhered to, and the preference for certain translation strategies. Owing to their different cultural identity, early life experiences and educational background, the Yangs possess different, sometimes even conflicting, translatorial habitus. This is manifested by the fact that source culture-oriented Yang Xianyi endorsed, willingly or unwillingly, the Chinese translation tradition and the institutional translation norms adopted in the Foreign Languages Bureau, both of which favor literalism, whereas target culture-oriented Gladys Yang tried to rid herself of such external constraints and fight for greater translatorial liberty and creativity. Although the style of the Yangs’ co-translations is the product of their personal habitus mingled together, it is primarily shaped by Yang Xianyi’s translatorial habitus.