中国农村社会工作实践策略的模式分类——基于双层分类框架的透视

Pattern Classification of Practical Strategies of Rural Social Work in China:Perspective Based on the Two-layer Classification Framework

从“新农村建设”到“精准扶贫”再到“乡村振兴”,中国农村社会工作始终面临着专业化发展和本土化建构的双重要求。新世纪以来,中国农村社会工作积累了许多本土经验,本文借鉴社区工作的双层框架分析思路,通过构建以“国家-社会”和“传统-现代”为二元维度的类型学框架体系,初步形成了国家主导的传统取向、国家主导的现代取向、社会主导的传统取向、社会主导的现代取向等四种农村社会工作实践取向。在较为详细地梳理了四种取向分别对应的行动策略和实践逻辑的基础上,提出了“委托-服务”“同行-团结”“合作-培育”和“治疗-教育”等四种不同的实践策略,希望为中国农村社会工作的多元发展提供借鉴。

From the actions of "New Rural Construction" to "Targeted Poverty Alleviation", then to the "Rural Revitalization", China’s rural social work is always facing the dual requirements of professional development and localization construction. Since the new century, lots of local experience has accumulated in the area of China’s rural social work. This paper draws lessons from the two-layer framework analysis of community work and builds a typological framework system with "state-society" and "tradition-modernity" as two dimensions, initially forming four practical orientations of rural social work, namely, state-led traditional orientation, state-led modern orientation, society-led traditional orientation, and society-led modern orientation. On the basis of sorting out the action strategies and practical logics corresponding to the four orientations in detail, this paper puts forward four different practical strategies, such as "entrustment-service", "peer-unity", "cooperation-cultivation", and "treatmenteducation", hoping to provide a reference for the diversified development of rural social work in China.