明清时期的监察法制化及其当代启示——以《大明会典》与《钦定台规》为考察文本

Legalization of Supervision in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

监察法制是监察活动规范化的重要依据。明清君主十分重视监察立法,颁布了《大明会典》与《钦定台规》等法典,实现监察宗旨、监察范围与监察职能、监察程序的法制化。明清时期的监察法制化为当前监察体制改革提供了重要的借鉴与启示。以法制化构建监察活动的运行机制,不仅是明清监察体制健全完备的重要标志,而且是国家治理的常态经验。监察立法需要明确限定监察范围与精确定位监察职能,充分发挥监察系统在国家治理体系与权力配置中的重要监察作用。

Supervision legal system is an important basis for standardization of supervision activities.Monarchs in Ming and Qing Dynasties attached great importance to supervisory legislation and enacted Code of Great Ming Dynasty and Authorized Regulations,which realized the legislation of the purpose,scope,function,and procedure of the supervision.The legalization of supervision in Ming and Qing Dynasties provides important reference and enlightenment for the current reform of supervision system.Constructing the operation mechanism of supervision system by legalization was not only an important symbol of the sound and complete supervisory system in Ming and Qing Dynasties,but also normal experience of national governance.Clearly defining the scope of supervision and precisely positioning the function of supervision,we can give full play to the important role of supervision system in the national governance system and power allocation.