试论清代律学与经学的关系

The Relationship between the Confucian Classics and Legal Studies in the Qing Dynasty

清代律学以律例为中心,侧重于整理或注释律例条文以便利于司法实践中的运用,清代律学具有突出的技术性和实用性特征,临民治事者对其有刚性需要,但是"读律法"并不为一般读书人所重视,律学处在清代学问体系的地位边缘。嘉道以降的经世思潮宽纾了研律的整体氛围,资治致用的律学获得显著发展。在清代律学地位升降过程中,研律者从自身知识结构出发,一方面积极援经入律,发明经、律会通之处,借助经学提振律学,在司法实践中"引经治事",援用儒家经典作为断案理据;另一方面用治经学的方法来研治难读的律学,提升了律学作品的质量。清代律学与经学关系紧密,律学在研究手段及价值关怀上积极向经学靠拢。

Jurisprudence in the Qing Dynasty,centered on the statutes and focused on annotating the Qing Code easier to facilitate judicial practice.Officials at different levels required an understanding the technicalities and practicality of the law,but ordinary scholars paid little attention to legal studies.In fact,legal studies were marginalized in the Qing academic system until the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns when the positive effects of the interest in legal practice led to remarkable progress in legal research.Based on their knowledge of the structure of the law,researchers actively promoted the development of legal studies.On the one hand,researchers explained the law according to the classics to enhance the status of legal studies,while the officials arbitrated legal cases using the classics.On the other hand,using the method of analyzing the Confucian classics to study difficult legal texts promoted the literary quality of legal studies.Thus,the Qing dynasty,the study of law was closely related to the study of Confucian Classics and the study of law moved closer to the study of the classics in terms of research methodologies and value concern.