代际支持对徐州市空巢与非空巢老人健康影响的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Effects of Intergenerational Support on the Health of Empty Nesters and Non Empty Nesters in Xuzhou City

目的:比较空巢与非空巢老人的经济、生活和情感代际支持情况及其对老年人健康的影响,为代际支持差异下精准健康养老提供参考。方法:采用分层随机抽样法对徐州市1052名60岁及以上的老年人进行问卷调查,对数据进行描述性统计分析、卡方检验、秩和检验和有序多分类logistic回归分析。结果:代际支持变量除子女每月提供的经济支持差异无统计学意义之外(χ^2=-0.90,P=0.929),其余差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给予子女大额资助[OR(95%CI)=0.449(0.228-0.887)]、生活支持来源于子女[OR(95%CI)=2.684(1.342-5.365)]、能及时被给予照顾[OR(95%CI)=0.375(0.208-0.676)]、对与子女沟通的频率满意[OR(95%CI)=0.367(0.194-0.694)]对空巢老人的健康影响显著;每月未给予子女经济支持[OR(95%CI)=3.232(1.286-8.119)]、与子女沟通的频率低[OR(95%CI)=3.078(1.263-7.500)]对非空巢老人的健康影响显著。结论:不同的代际支持情况对空巢与非空巢老人产生的健康效应及大小不同,健康养老应重视子女养老支持的责任与作用,构建"子女家中养老、社区设施辅助、政府统筹治理"的养老责任机制。

Objective:From the perspective of empty nesters and non-empty nesters,to compare the elderly’s economic,life and emotional support conditions of their children’s intergenerational support and its impacts on the health of the elderly,to provide suggestions for accurate health-care for elderly under the intergenerational support differences.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to survey 1052 elderly people aged 60 and over in Xuzhou city.The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics,Chi-square test,parametric rank sum test,and ordered multi-class logistic regression analysis.Results:Intergenerational support variables were statistically significant except for the difference in monthly financial support provided by children(χ^2=-0.90,P=0.929),and the rest were statistically significant(P<0.05).Substantial funding for children[OR(95%CI)=0.449(0.228-0.887)],life support coming from children[OR(95%CI)=2.684(1.342-5.365)],can be given care in time[OR(95%CI)=0.375(0.208-0.676)],the satisfaction with the frequency of communication with children[OR(95%CI)=0.367(0.194-0.694)]had a significant impact on the health of the elderly in the empty nest,and no monthly financial support for children[OR(95%CI)=3.232(1.286-8.119)],infrequent communication with children[OR(95%CI)=3.078(1.263-7.500)]had a significant impact on the health of non-empty nesters.Conclusion:Different generations of supports have corresponding health effects on empty nesters and non-empty nesters.We should pay attention to the responsibility and role of children’s supports for the elderly in the future,and build a pension responsibility mechanism of"children’s home support,community facility assistance,and government overall governance".