美国宪制的“扩张-收缩”基因——从美国早期《土地法令》看特朗普新政

“Expansion-Contraction”as an American Constitutional Gene Donald Trump’s New Deal in the Perspective of the Territory Ordinances of 1780s

学术界和政策界对特朗普新政的评价分为“扩张派”和“收缩派”,两种解释都有理有据,凸显出特朗普新政既扩张又收缩的矛盾性特征。这种矛盾性不应被简单理解为特朗普个人的逻辑混乱,而应该将特朗普新政作为美国政治传统的一个组成部分,探究这种矛盾性在美国宪制传统和国家建构历史中的渊源。围绕美国建国初期颁行的一系列《土地法令》与美国宪法的关系,来考察美国宪制中的政治逻辑,即可看出美国政治中“扩张”和“收缩”同时并行乃是美国宪制所奠定的基因。特朗普新政与美国自建国以来就存在的“扩张-收缩”宪制基因一脉相承。

Donald Trump’s New Deal has been interpreted as both expansive strategies and contractive strategies,which is confusing.However,the confusion and contradiction should not be attributed to the illogical personality of Donald Trump.We should take Donald Trump’s New Deal as apart of the American political tradition,and focus on the constitutional had historic sources of the“expansion-contraction”contradiction.The series of Territory Ordinances of the late 1780s was a perfect example of the political practice of the“expansion-contraction”tradition.Once taking the Territory Ordinances as constitutional documents,“expansion-contraction”heritance can be seen as a constitutional gene rather than a illogical contradiction which originated from the early state of territorial expansion of the United States and has be inherited by Donald Trump’s New Deal.