后金融危机时代美国制造业现状及启示

The Status Quo and Enlightenment of American Manufacturing in the Post-Financial Crisis Era

凭借第二次工业革命成为世界制造业霸主的美国,于20世纪70年代开始“去工业化”进程,导致了制造业空心化,并不断衰落。后金融危机时代,美国积极实施再工业化,但仍无法阻止制造业的衰落趋势。事实上,制造业衰落是资本逐利本性面对利润率下滑、盈利能力下行时的必然选择,同时,产业结构调整、就业结构变化、政治结构弊端加速了制造业竞争力的下降。本文通过梳理后金融危机时代美国制造业发展疲软、恢复乏力的现状,分析其衰落原因,为我们打破常规,推动中国制造业转型升级,走出具有中国特色的新型工业化道路提供重要的启示和借鉴。

The United States,which became the world's manufacturing hegemony through the second industrial revolution,began the process of"de-industrialization"in the 1970s,which led to the hollowing out of the manufac⁃turing industry and its continued decline.In the post-financial crisis era,the United States is actively implementing reindustrialization,but it still cannot prevent the decline of manufacturing.In fact,the decline of the manufacturing industry is the inevitable choice of capital's profit-seeking nature in the face of declining profit rates and profitabili⁃ty.At the same time,industrial structure adjustment,employment structure changes,and political structure abuses have accelerated the decline in manufacturing competitiveness.By combing through the status quo of weak develop⁃ment and weak recovery of the US manufacturing industry in the post-financial crisis era and analyzing the reasons for its decline,this article provides us with important enlightenment and reference for breaking the convention,pro⁃moting the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry,and creating a new industrialization path with Chinese characteristics.