鹅膏毒肽类毒素检测方法的研究进展

Research progress on detection methods of amanita cyclopeptide toxins

在蘑菇中毒事件中,90%的死亡是由含鹅膏毒肽类毒素的蘑菇引起的,鹅膏毒肽中毒目前尚未发现特效解毒剂,因此掌握鹅膏毒肽的快速检测技术和方法显得尤为重要。该文在介绍鹅膏毒肽的分子结构、理化性质及其对人类影响基础上,对目前国内外鹅膏毒肽的快速检测方法进行了综述,常规的检测方法包括酶联免疫吸附法、侧流免疫层析法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱与质谱联用法及利用超分支滚环扩增技术和分子印迹技术等。这些检测方法在不同实验环境下会表现出不同的优缺点,也各有其适用条件,如有些检测方法适用于快速检测蘑菇样品,而有些更适用于现场检测。通过对比这些方法的优缺点,可对实验室或临床建立更方便、快速、灵敏检测鹅膏毒肽的方法提供重要参考依据。

Amatoxins have extremely strong toxicity as one of the top ten deadly poisons.Mushrooms containing amatoxins play a highly significant role in mushroom poisoning,which lead to 90%of the deaths.Amatoxins poisoning can give rise to acute liver damage and multiple organ failure.What is worse,it has not yet found a specific antidote.So amatoxins are high-risk toxins that have attracted the attention of local food safety monitoring in various countries around the world and it is important to master the high-speed detection technology and method of amatoxins.Based on the introduction of the molecular structure,physical and chemical properties of amatoxins and their impact on humans,this article introduces the rapid detection methods of amatoxins worldwide.The conventional detection methods consist of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,lateral flow immunoassay,high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Moreover,the utilization of hyper branched branched rolling circle amplification and molecular imprinting technique widen the views of amatoxins detection.These detection methods will present various advantages and disadvantages in distinct experimental environments and each has its own applicable conditions.For example,some detection methods are suitable for rapid detection of mushroom samples and some are more suitable for on-site detection.By comparing different characteristics of these methods,it provide an important reference for the laboratory or clinic to establish a more convenient,rapid and sensitive method for detecting amatoxins.