计划行为理论下我国运动员使用兴奋剂的心理因素分析

Analysis of Psychological Factors on Chinese Athelets’ Doping from a Perspective of Planned Behavior Theory

使用兴奋剂是运动员个体从产生意愿到实施行为的1个过程。找出影响运动员使用兴奋剂意愿的因素并进行深入分析,对反兴奋剂研究具有重要意义。基于计划行为理论、社会心理学理论,探究影响我国运动员使用兴奋剂行为意向的因素。研究发现:我国运动员使用兴奋剂的行为意向受到运动员态度认知的影响,包括兴奋剂认知程度、职业道德认知、道德推脱水平;受到主观规范的影响,包括运动员训练团队动机氛围及主观规范、国家相关协会机构对于兴奋剂的态度和干预;受到知觉行为控制感的影响,包括运动员竞技能力认知和兴奋剂资源支持。需从改善认知程度、主观规范和直觉行为控制感等方面进行心理引导及干预。

Doping is a process from the generation of individual athletes’ will to the implementation of behavior. It is of great significance for the study of Anti Doping to find out the factors influencing athletes’ willingness to use doping and conduct in-depth analysis. Based on the theory of planned behavior and social psychology, this paper explores the factors influencing the intention of Chinese athletes to use doping. The results show that: the behavioral intention of Chinese athletes using doping is affected by athletes’ attitude cognition, including doping cognition, professional ethics cognition and moral disengagement level;it is influenced by subjective norms, including the motivation atmosphere and subjective norms of athletes’ training team, the attitude and intervention of relevant national associations to doping, and perceived behavioral control The influence includes the cognition of athletes’ competitive ability and the support of doping resources. Psychological guidance and intervention should be carried out from the aspects of improving cognitive level, subjective norms and intuitive behavior control.