自然教育与人为技艺——卢梭《爱弥儿》教育方案的困境

The Artificiality of Natural Education: On the Plan of Rousseau’s Emile

卢梭在《爱弥儿》中呈现了一种反对柏拉图式古典教育传统的自然教育,这种教育思想对现代教育理论影响深远。自然教育是卢梭政治设计的重要部分,目的是通过教育新人解决个人与社会的冲突,其具体教育目标是把普通儿童塑造为既是自然人又是好公民的独立个体。本文通过细致分析《爱弥儿》各卷论证的关键点,剖析这一教育方案的诸多矛盾与困境,试图揭示这些困境的根源是卢梭思想的内在矛盾。

Emile is one of the most important works of Rousseau,which was considered as a treatise disagree with Plato’s ideology in classical education,reflecting an influential natural educational thought of Rousseau.The paper tries to investigate in detail Rousseau’discussion of education in Emile,by comparing with western traditional education thoughts,and reveals that the natural education undergoes various profound and complex contradictions.The paper analyses these contradictions,especially the contradiction regarding the aim of natural education,which is cultivating an ordinary child to an individual who is both a natural man and good citizen,and also explores the fundamental contradictions rooted in Rousseau’s innate political thought.