含功能基双季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成

RESEARCH ON SYNTHESIS OF DOUBLE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT GEMINI SURFACTANTS CONTAINING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

以氯乙酰氯、己二酰氯、长链伯胺和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为原料合成了含功能基双季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂(I8,I12,I14,I16)。利用FT-IR和1H NMR对目标产物进行结构表征。在不同温度条件下用电导率法分别测定了目标产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)并进行热力学参数计算。通过表面张力法测定目标产物的CMC和表面张力(γCMC),结果表明,I16的CMC值最小,为1.00×10-6 mol/L,γCMC为45.98 mN/m。在25℃下,测定了目标产物的泡沫性能、乳化性能和耐盐性能,结果表明:I12的稳泡性达到100%,I12的乳化能力最强,分出10 mL水所用时间为2136 s;无机盐的质量浓度为30~70 g/L时,产物对Na^+、Ca2+和Mg2+均具有优良的耐盐性。

A series Gemini surfactants(I8,I12,I14,I16)containing functional groups were synthesized by using chloroacetyl chloride,adipoyl chloride,long alkyl chain primary amine,N,N-dimethylethanolamine as main raw materials.The structures of products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.The critical micelle concentrations(CMC)and the relevant thermodynamic parameters of the products were determined at different temperatures by conductivity method.The CMC and surface tension(γCMC)of the products were determined by surface tension method.The CMC value of I16 was the smallest,which was 1.00×10-6 mol/L,andγCMC was 45.98 mN/m.The foaming properties,emulsifying properties and salt resistances of the products were investigated at 25℃.Consequently,the foam stability of I12 reaches 100%.I12 has the significant emulsifying ability,and the time for separating 10 mL of water is 2136 s.When the mass concentrations of inorganic salts are 3070 g/L,the products have excellent salt tolerance to Na^+,Ca^2+and Mg^2+.