合伙共包:一种中间类型的农业经营形式——基于华北一个家庭农场联合体的个案研究

Co Contracting:An Intermediate Type of Agricultural Management——A Case Study Based on a Family Farm Consortium in North China

土地流转背景下,在资本与地方互动过程中演化出迂回多样的中间类型的农业经营形式。以华北桃县一家庭农场联合体为例,分析其合伙共包的形成机制及与乡土社会、外部市场的互动过程,研究发现这一具有合伙经营、异乡资本特质的家庭农场联合体,其成员主要由经营能力与资源禀赋相当且关系密切、地位平等的乡村精英组成。家庭农场联合体在内部采取了合伙共包却家庭分别独立经营的结合形式,形成农业经营共同体以应对市场;在外部则由于其农民出身的群体特征本性而熟练地运用乡土社会的伦理规则解决了嵌入的障碍。这种合伙共包的经营形式既规避了其他新型农业经营主体的抗市场能力弱、规模有限、难以对接市场且嵌入乡土的劣势,又兼具了家庭经营、共同协作、规模议价的优势,实现了内部经营与外部互动的双重“嵌入”。这一具备家庭、合伙、互助等实质理性倾向的中间类型农业经营形式或可构成理解中国农业转型的新视角。

Under the background of land circulation,the interaction between capital and local government evolves various forms of agricultural management.Taking a family farm consortium in Taoxian County of North China as an example,this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the partnership and the interaction process with local society and external market.It is found that the members of this family farm consortium,which has the characteristics of partnership and foreign capital,is mainly composed of rural elites with similar management ability and resource endowment and equal status.In the internal part,it adopts the combination form of partnership and co contracting but the family separately and independently,forming the agricultural management community to deal with the market.On the outside,it skillfully uses the ethical rules of the local society because of the group characteristics of the peasant origin to solve the embedded obstacles.This kind of management form of partnership and co contracting not only avoids the disadvantages of other new agricultural business entities,such as weak anti market ability,limited scale,difficult to connect with the market and embedded in the local difficulties,but also has the advantages of family operation,joint cooperation and scale bargaining,realizing the double“embedding”of internal operation and external interaction,which is an endogenous and compound agricultural operation form of joint production and mutual assistance It constitutes a new perspective to understand China’s agricultural transformation.