公益型小额信贷促进农户生计发展的嵌入式机制研究——以山西省左权县S村为例

On the Embedded Mechanism of the Public Welfare Microcredit to Promote Farmers’Poverty Alleviation:Taking S Village in Zuoquan County of ShanXi Province as An Example

信贷资金如何转化成农户的内生发展能力,促进农户生计的可持续发展,是破解公益型小额信贷双重目标兼容问题的关键。从嵌入性视角出发,采取“可分析策略”和“双重嵌入”的分析路径,对中和农信在S村的发展实践进行分析。结果发现中和农信深嵌产业发展与制度化扶贫体系,并在体系内扮演补益性角色。一方面,中和农信持续嵌入S村核桃产业链条,为处于市场化竞争环境的农户提供信贷服务,满足其生产性金融需求;另一方面,中和农信嵌入S村制度化的扶贫过程,为贫困农户维持基本生活提供信贷服务,满足其消费性金融需求。无论生产性还是消费性信贷服务,中和农信都注重对S村社会关系网络的嵌入。这种双重嵌入既塑造出防范信贷风险的安全网,又构成了信贷资金转化为农户内生发展能力的耦合机制。

How to transform the credit founds into the endogenous development capacity of poor farmers is the key to the compatibility of the dual goals of public welfare microfinance.From the perspective of embeddedness,the analytical path of“analyzable strategy”and“double embedding”are adopted to analyze the poverty alleviation practice of CAPF in S Village.The results showed that CAPF’s credit service was deeply embedded in the government-led industrializational and institutionalized poverty alleviation system,and played a complementary role in the system.On the one hand,CAPF was continuously embedded in the S Village’s walnut industrial chain,and provided credit services for farmers in the market-oriented competitive environment to meet their productive financial needs.On the other hand,CAPF had was embedded in the institutional poverty alleviation practice of S Village,and provided credit services for poor farmers to maintain their basic livelihoods and meet their consumptive financial needs.No matter the credit service was productive or consumptive,CAPF paid attention to the embedding of social network in S Village.This embedding not only created a safe net to prevent credit risks,but also constituted a coupling mechanism of transforming credit funds into farmers’endogenous development capacity.