慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床观察及护理干预进展

Progress of clinical observation and nursing intervention of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是临床上一种十分常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,主要包括慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。慢性阻塞性肺疾病具有气流受阻不完全可逆,呈进行性发展,呼吸功能受损的特点,严重影响患者的身体健康。该病常发生于冬季,诱发因素为细菌或病毒的感染,常出现呼吸困难或体力活动受限等症状,降低患者的生活质量,疾病晚期易合并肺心病及其他脏器功能受损的表现,且其病程长,治疗周期长。临床治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病要求护士在护理工作中严密观察患者病情变化,做好患者的生活基础护理,加强营养支持护理、呼吸道护理、氧疗护理、呼吸功能锻炼、心理护理以及做好患者的健康宣教,提高患者的依从性,改善患者的生活质量。本文选择近几年国内期刊发表的相关文献资料,就慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床观察及护理进展做一综述,以期为慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床治疗提供借鉴。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a very common chronic respiratory disease,which mainly includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has the characteristics of airflow obstructive,incomplete reversibility,progressive development and impaired respiratory function,which seriously affects the health of patients. This disease often occurs in winter,those inducing factors are the infection of bacteria or virus. It often has symptoms such as dyspnea or physical activity restriction,which reduce the quality of patient’s life. The late stage of the disease is easy to combine with pulmonary heart disease and other organ function damage performance,and the course of disease and its treatment cycle are both long. Clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary requires nurses to closely observe the changes of patients’ condition in the nursing work,do well in the basic nursing of patients’ life,strengthen nutrition support nursing,respiratory tract nursing,oxygen therapy nursing,respiratory function exercise,psychological nursing and do well in the health education of patients,which can improve the quality of patients’ life and the compliance of patients. In this paper,the relevant literature published in domestic journals in recent years is selected to review the clinical observation and nursing progress of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.