基于生态服务-生态健康综合评估的城市生态保护规划研究

Urban Ecological Conservation Planning Based on Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Ecosystem Health

人类对自然保护的认知和理念决定了生态保护的方法与手段。20世纪60年代至今,人们对生态保护的认识经历了4个阶段,其中以维持自然为核心的物种保护法和以生态服务为核心的生态功能法是当前生态保护规划的2种主流方法。从城市生态环境特征、生态问题和生态需求分析入手,提出了基于生态服务-生态健康(ES-EH)综合评估的城市生态保护方法。以哈尔滨空港新城为例,选取影响重大的6个生态因子,以加权叠加法识别出生态保护区范围。研究结果表明:划定的10.36%的保护区保留了53.49%的生态调节、89.04%的文化服务和15.69%的生态支持功能,以及71.85%的重要生态结构和61.91%的生态高恢复力地区。在城市扩张过程中如何科学保护现存的生态资源意义重大,研究结果可为国土空间规划"双评价"及城市生态保护提供依据和参考。

The human cognition and protection concept of nature conservation determine the methods and means of ecological protection.From the 1960s to the present,people's understanding of ecological protection has gone through four stages.Among them,the species method that maintains nature as the core and the ecological function method that serves humans as the core are the two mainstream methods of ecological protection planning.Starting from the characteristics of urban ecological environment,ecological problems and ecological needs analysis,the paper puts forward the urban ecological protection method with human and natural symbiosis as the core.Taking Harbin Airport New Town as a case study,six ecological factors were selected for ecological service and health assessment,and the ecological protection area was identified by the weighted superposition method.The results showed that 10.36%of protected areas retained 53.49%of ecological regulation,89.04%of cultural services and 15.69%of ecological support functions,as well as 71.85%of important ecological structures and 61.91%of ecologically high resilience areas.How to protect the existing ecological resources scientifically in the process of urban expansion is of great significance.The research results can be used as the basis and reference for urban and rural planning"four districts"delimitation and urban ecological planning.