推拉理论视角下校企人员双向流动的困境与突破

Dilemma and Breakthrough of the Two-Way Flow of School-Enterprise Personnel from the Perspective of the Push-Pull Theory

合理的校企人员双向流动为校企合作、产教融合搭建了互通、互助、互利的立交桥。但目前,校企人员双向流动尚存困境与阻碍。为探寻校企人员双向流动困境的突破口,基于推拉理论构建推拉模型,结合影响校企人员双向流动的流出地因素、流入地因素与中间因素,通过归纳与分析校企人员在企业与院校之间流动时所受到的“推力”与“拉力”发现:国家政策的支持能够有力促进校企人员双向流动;校企人员的个人发展对校企人员双向流动的影响具有不确定性;企业利益的限制与校企浅层合作是阻碍校企人员流动的关键因素。要突破校企人员双向流动的困境与阻碍,需继续强化政策制度拉力,弱化企业利益的限制,深化校企合作;强化个体内部拉力,弱化流动人员个人发展所受限制。

The reasonable two-way flow of school-enterprise personnel has built an overpass for school-enterprise cooperation and integration of enterprises with vocational schools and universities.But at present,there are still difficulties and obstacles in the process of two-way flow.In order to break through the dilemma,a push-pull model is constructed based on the push-pull theory,combined with outflow factors,inflow factors,and intermediate factors that affect the two-way flow of school-enterprise personnel.Through analysis of the"push"and"pull"in the process of a two-way flow of school and enterprise personnel,we find that the national policy support can effectively promote the two-way flow of school-enterprise personnel,the impact of the personal development of school-enterprise personnel on the two-way flow of school-enterprise personnel is uncertain;and the limits of corporate interests and the shallow cooperation between enterprises and school is a key factor that hinders the flow of school-enterprise personnel.Furthermore,it is necessary to continue strengthening the pull of policies and systems,weakening the restrictions on corporate interests,and deepening school-enterprise cooperation.Besides,it is essential to strengthen individual internal pull,and weaken the restrictions on the personal development of two-way flow.