“十四五”时期农村劳动力转移就业的五大问题

The Five Major Issues of Rural Labor Force Transfer and Employment in the “14th Five-Year Plan” Period

面对百年未有之大变局,"十四五"时期农村劳动力转移就业形势更加复杂多变。我们要为多大规模的农村劳动力谋划就业,农村劳动力转移的潜力是否耗尽,农业剩余劳动力还有多少,彻底完成转移的时间要多长,农村劳动力的外地转移和本地转移之间又有怎样的关系。回答这些总量和结构性问题,是布局、谋划国家重大战略,出台产业、社会等政策的重要前提和基本依据。同时,要解决好农村劳动力的"有的转"、"有岗转"、"有效转"问题,将促进农村劳动力进一步转移置于"十四五"时期农村劳动力就业工作的首位。通过提高农业现代化水平、稳住立足国内国际双循环的城镇转移就业渠道、稳步拓展农村就地就近非农就业空间、加快相关领域制度改革促进更高质量的农村劳动力转移就业。

In the face of major change unprecedented in a century,the employment situation of rural labor force in China during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"Period became more complex and changeable.How large-scale rural labor force should we plan to be employed,whether the potential of China’s labor transfer is exhausted,how much surplus agricultural labor force is,how long it will take to complete the transfer thoroughly,and what is the relationship between the local transfer and nonlocal transfer of the rural labor force.Answering these aggregate and structural questions is an important prerequisite and essential basis for laying out and planning major national strategies,and introducing industrial and social policies.At the same time,to solve the problems of increasing the number of portable labor force,providing sufficient non-farm jobs and promoting effective transfer,we should give top priority to promote the further transfer of rural labor in the employment of rural labor in the"14 th FiveYear Plan"Period.By improving the level of agricultural modernization,stabilizing the urban transfer employment channels based on both domestic and international circulation,steadily expanding the non-agricultural employment space in and near rural areas,and accelerating institutional reform in related fields to promote higher-quality rural labor force transfer employment.