我国粮食安全政策:演进轨迹、内在逻辑与战略取向

Food Security Policy in China: Evolutionary Trajectory,Internal Logic and Strategic Direction

新中国成立以来,政策层面围绕粮食安全进行了曲折艰难地探索。通过实行统购统销、四轮粮改、支持保护政策完善到最新一轮的结构调整,实现了政策基调从"取"到"予"、政策内容从单一到多元、调控方式从政府为主到与市场相结合、政策导向从增产到提高竞争力的转变,走出了一条中国特色的粮食安全之路。面对国内外粮食安全形势的深刻变化,要坚持粮食安全战略定力,坚持"藏粮于地、藏粮于技"巩固产能,转变农业发展方式,提高农产品竞争力,立足国内国际两个市场,提高利用两种资源能力满足需求,完善新的支持保护政策体系和区域补偿机制,进一步提高农民种粮、地方政府抓粮的积极性。

Since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China,the central government has made tortuous explorations on food security policy.In the past 70 years,China has been implementing a series of food policy,i.e.,state monopolized purchase and marketing,four-round food policy reform,improvement of agricultural support and protection policies,and the latest round of compositional adjustment of grain.And the food policy in China has been going through the changes in policy focus from"take"to"give",policy content from simplification to pluralism,control method from government-sponsored to the combination of market power,orientation from yield to competitiveness,which is referred to as a national strategy on food security.Under the latest food security situation at home and abroad,we must adhere to the current food security strategy,improve the ability to make rational use of resources based on the domestic and international markets,and persist in food crop production strategy based on farm land management and technological application to maintain production capacity.It is also important to transform the agricultural development mode,improve the competitiveness of agricultural products,improve the ability to use two resources to meet demand based on the domestic and international markets,as well as innovate and support protection policies and construct regional compensation policies to further increase the enthusiasm of farmers and local governments.