社会生态系统视角下驿道型城镇景观格局演进特征及机制——以商於古道为例

Evolution Characteristics and Mechanism of Post-Type Urban Landscape Pattern from the Perspective of Socio-Ecological System——A Case of Shangwu Ancient Post-Road

社会生态系统体制转换理论为城镇景观格局研究提供了新的分析思路,通过文献梳理、地方志查阅、居民访谈与口述史收集等研究方法,分析治所、圩埠、邮驿、关塞4类驿道型城镇景观空间格局演进及差异,发现:①治所城镇商洛由城内镂空型向突破城墙轴向扩展的面状演进,圩埠城镇丹凤由散点状居民点向条带状演进,邮驿城镇棣花由城内块状向J形演进,关塞城镇武关由城内横T形向指状演进;②驿道型城镇的演进方式分别为内含层积、覆盖层积、交叉层积和并列层积;③驿道周边自然资源条件及驿道地位功能决定驿道通行能力和向城镇分配功能的能力,从而对城镇自然、社会关系产生影响,引发城镇功能内容和总量的改变,最终引导城镇社会生态景观格局的演进。本文旨在为构建引导区域城镇格局健康发展的现代交通体系提供借鉴。

The theory of socio-ecological system regime shift provides a new analysis thought for the research on urban landscape pattern.This paper adopts methods such as historical documents,residents chorography editing,interviews,and oral history to analyze evolution and differences of the landscape pattern in political,bazaar-port,post and military towns along the post-road.It is found that:①The political town evolved from a hollow in the city wall to break through the wall and then extends axially to clumpy landscape pattern,the bazaar-port town evolved from the scattered point settlement to zonal landscape pattern,the post town evolved from blocky in the city wall to shape J of landscape pattern,and the military town evolved from shape T to finger clumpy landscape pattern;②The socio-ecological system of postroad towns have four types of regime shift,including embedded layering,overlying layering,crossed layering and parallel layering;③The conditions of natural resources around the post-road and the status and function of the post-road determine the capacity of the post-road to pass and the ability to allocate the functions of the town,thus affecting the relations of nature and towns,and social relations in the town,causing the change of the content and total of towns’function,and finally guiding the evolution of the social ecological landscape pattern of the town.It is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the construction of a modern transportation system that guides the healthy development of regional town pattern.