2018年吉县苹果花期霜冻害成因分析及气候特征研究

Analysis on the Frost Damage in Florescence of Jixian Apple Trees in 2018 and Climate Characteristics

花期霜冻害是影响苹果产量和品质最主要的气象灾害之一,吉县果树花期平均出现在4月份,2018年4月6日~7日吉县苹果遭受了霜冻害,由于前期3月气温异常偏高,使得吉县红富士苹果盛花期提前近10天,强冷空气与盛花期叠加,是临汾市吉县红富士苹果遭受重创的主要原因.本文统计吉县1981年~2018年4月最低霜冻资料和月霜冻次数,利用气候倾向率、M-K法及小波分析法等方法对霜冻资料和霜冻日数进行了详细分析.结果表明:1981年~2018年来吉县4月霜冻日数气候倾向率为-0.5 d/10 a,即吉县4月份霜冻日以每10年减少0.5天的速度减少;吉县霜冻强度在演变过程中没有出现明显的突变点;在其强度周期变化过程中存在29 a的主周期和14 a的次周期.

Frost damage in florescence was one of the most main meteorological disaster,the blooming period of apple trees in Jixian occurred in April on average.In April 6 to 7 of 2018,Jixian apple trees suffered frost damage.Because of the abnormal high temperature in March,the blooming period of Jixian Apple was advanced nearly 10 days.The superposition of strong cold air and peak blooming period was the main reason for the serious damage of Jixian Red Fushi apple in Linfen City.In this paper,the minimum April frost data and the number of monthly frost in Jixian from 1981 to 2018 are counted.The frost damage in florescence are analyzed in detail by means of climatic tendency rate,M-K method and wavelet analysis method.The results showed that the climatic tendency rate of frost days in April in Jixian from 1981 to 2018 was-0.5 d/10 a,the frost days decreased by 0.5 days per 10 years;there was not obvious mutation point in the evolution of frost intensity in Jixian;there was a 29-year main cycle and a 14-year sub-cycle in the change process of frost intensity cycle.