颅脑术后颅内感染危险因素分析及护理干预

Analysis of Risk Factors of Intracranial Infection after Craniocerebral Operation and Nursing Intervention

目的:分析颅脑术后颅内感染的危险因素及护理干预措施。方法:回顾性分析笔者所在医院2017年1月-2018年12月收治的2 230例颅脑手术患者的临床资料,根据有无发生颅内感染将其分为感染(29例)和非感染(2 201例)。通过单因素、多因素Logistic分析颅脑术后发生颅内感染的危险因素,并总结出相关护理措施。结果:单因素分析显示,年龄、基础疾病、术前使用抗菌药物(急诊)、手术次数、手术时间、后颅窝手术、脑室外引流、切口脑脊液漏、白蛋白是颅脑术后发生颅内感染的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic分析显示,颅脑术后发生颅内感染的独立危险因素为后颅窝手术、手术时间>3 h、脑室外引流、切口脑脊液漏(P<0.05)。结论:后颅窝手术、手术时间>3 h、脑室外引流、切口脑脊液漏是颅脑手术患者术后发生颅内感染的独立危险因素,临床要给予颅脑手术患者针对性的护理干预措施以便有效预防颅脑手术患者术后发生颅内感染。

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection after craniocerebral operation and nursing intervention measures.Method:The clinical data of 2 230 patients with craniocerebral operation in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the occurrence of intracranial infection,the patients were divided into infected (29 cases) and non-infected (2 201 cases).Risk factors of intracranial infection after craniocerebral surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis,and relevant nursing measures were summarized.Result:Univariate analysis showed that age,basic diseases,preoperative use of antibiotics (emergency),number of operations,operation time,posterior cranial fossa operation,external ventricular drainage,cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the incision and albumin were the influencing factors for postoperative intracranial infection in patients with craniocerebral operation (P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the independent risk factors for intracranial infection after craniocerebral operation were posterior cranial fossa operation,operation time >3 h,external ventricular drainage,and cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the incision (P<0.05).Conclusion:Posterior cranial fossa operation,operation time >3 h,external ventricular drainage and cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the incision are independent risk factors for intracranial infection after craniocerebral operation.Clinical nursing intervention measures should be given to patients with craniocerebral operation in order to effectively prevent intracranial infection after craniocerebral operation.