自主机器人的道德责任困境研究——基于人类责任视角

Research on Moral Responsibility Dilemma of Autonomous Robot:From the Perspective of Human Responsibility

自主机器人的道德责任面临着主体缺失之困。从实践上而言,由于存在研发、生产、使用、管理等多个环节及多个参与主体,再加之机器人具有自主性,容易出现因果链失效和远距离效应等问题,导致人类责任的弥散和逃避,最终造成了责任主体的缺失。实际上,研发者、制造商、使用者和政府部门等是主要责任主体,因此需要从研发、制造、使用和管理各个环节来确定和分配各个主体的行为规范与责任要求,以保证每个意外、每个环节都有责任主体承担道德责任。研发者和制造商应尽可能地预测自主机器人的行为及其产生的后果,让机器人是安全与可控的。使用者应在遵守自主机器人操作规范的同时,进行强制保险的购买。我国政府则应致力于打造一个集国家法律、社会伦理、行业标准等于一体的人工智能监管体系。

The moral responsibility of autonomous robot is facing the difficulty of the lack of subject.In practice,due to the existence of R&D,production,use,management and other links and multiple participants,coupled with the autonomy of the robot,it is easy to cause and effect chain failure and long-distance effect,leading to the dispersion and evasion of human responsibility,and finally the lack of responsibility subject.In fact,R&D,manufacturers,users and government departments are the main responsibility subjects.Therefore,it is necessary to determine and allocate the behavior norms and responsibility requirements of each subject from the aspects of R&D,manufacturing,use and management,so as to ensure that each accident and every link has the responsibility subject to undertake the moral responsibility.Developers and manufacturers should try their best to predict the behavior of autonomous robots and their consequences,so that the robots are safe and controllable.Users should purchase compulsory insurance while complying with the operation specifications of autonomous robots.The government should be committed to build which integrates the national law,social ethics and industry standards the artificial intelligence regulatory system.