中塞两国勘察标准与手段对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Survey Standards and Methods Between China and Serbia

为推动中国铁路勘察标准适应并进入欧美等发达国家,以匈塞铁路扩能改造工程为依托,对照塞尔维亚相应的勘察标准要求,结合该项目中勘察实践经验,从勘探量布置、勘探和原位测试方法、土的分类定名、土工试验差异、设计标准等对勘察工作的影响、主要勘察标准对比等6方面展开有针对性的对比分析。研究表明:(1)中塞两国勘察标准与手段大致相同,但部分方法和参数存在差异,中国铁路勘察标准较全面、可操作性强,但工程标准条款结论多,容易死搬硬套;(2)中国规范中环保性与人性化理念尚需加强;(3)应引入其他国家勘察标准中方便易用的原位测试方法,丰富我国勘察规范中的勘察手段;(4)应加快国际国外先进标准的采标和转化工作,提高我国勘察标准的兼容性和在国际上的适用性。

In order to promote the adaptation of railway survey standards of China to the developed countries in Europe and US,based on the Hungary-Serbia Railway Expansion and Reconstruction Project,this paper conducts comparative analysis in terms of 6 aspects including setting geotechnical investigation quantities,methods of boring and in-situ testing,classification of soils,differences of soil tests,design standards for geotechnical investigation and main survey standards. The results show: (1) Survey standards and methods between China and Serbia are basically similar with differences between parts of methods and parameters.Railway survey standards of China are more comprehensive and operable,but have more clauses and lack of flexibility;(2) Environmental and people-friendly concepts are far from satisfaction in the Chinese codes;(3) The convenient and easy-to-use in-situ test methods in survey standards of other countries should be introduced to enrich survey methods of China;(4) More efforts should be done to accelerate the adoption and transformation of advanced international standards and enhancing the compatibility and applicability of survey standards of China in the international market.