20份小白菜品种引种试验农艺性状的多样性分析

Diversity of agronomic characters of 20 pakchoi varieties in introduction experiment

【目的】明晰引进小白菜种质资源在青海地区种植的适应性,筛选性状优异的种质资源,为小白菜优良品种选育及种植提供科学依据。【方法】以收集引进的20份京研系列小白菜品种为材料,对其株幅、净菜率、株型、束腰性等农艺性状及维生素C(Vc)、粗纤维、亚硝酸盐和硝态氮含量等营养指标进行调查统计,结合遗传多样性、营养成分、隶属函数、相关性、主成分和聚类分析等方法进行系统评价。【结果】20份小白菜品种的不同性状间具有丰富的遗传多样性。质量性状的遗传多样性指数(H')变化范围在0.00~1.16,其中叶色最高,为1.16。数量性状的H'在0.88~1.59,变异系数在0.03~0.41,排序为单株重>短缩茎纵径>叶柄宽>叶宽>株高>叶柄长>腰粗>短缩茎横径>叶长>株幅>干物质率>净菜率。Vc含量介于72.89~396.82 mg/100 g FW,粗纤维含量介于3.81%~23.00%,亚硝酸盐含量介于0.32~3.13μg/g,硝态氮含量介于16.67~604.72 mg/kg FW。12个数量性状的隶属函数均值(R)介于0.22~0.81。相关分析结果表明,株高与株幅、腰粗、叶长、叶宽和单株重均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);株幅与腰粗、叶长和叶宽均呈极显著正相关;腰粗与叶长、叶宽和单株重均呈极显著正相关;叶宽与短缩茎横径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数为0.476;叶柄宽与短缩茎纵径呈负相关,与干物质率呈极显著负相关;短缩茎横径与单株重间存在极显著正相关。提取到的8个主成分特征值均在1.00以上,8个主成分的累计贡献率达87.45%。根据聚类分析结果,可将20个供试材料划分为五大类,第Ⅰ类中有5份资源,第Ⅱ类有3份资源,第Ⅲ和第Ⅴ类都只有1份资源,第Ⅳ类共有10份资源,其中,以第Ⅱ类的夏绿2号、春油5号和京绿7号3个品种的商品性最好。【结论】参试小白菜资源表型性状的遗传多样性指数和变异程度较高,具有丰富的变异程度和多样性;不同小白菜资源营养成分含量具有明显的差异性。综合隶属函数和营养成分分析筛选出春油5号和春油1号2个小白菜品种,其露地种植田间综合表现较优,适宜在青海当地推广种植。

【Objective】Clarifying the adaptability of imported pakchoi planted in Qinghai area,screening out the germplasm resources suitable for planting in Qinghai,and providing scientific basis for breeding and planting of superior pakchoi varieties.【Method】In this study,20 pakchoi varieties were detected for agronomic traits such as plant width,net vegetable rate,plant type and waist and nutrient indexes such as vitamin C,crude fiber,nitrite and nitrate nitrogen contents,genetic diversity analysis,nutrient composition analysis,membership function analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,which aimed to systematically assess the adaptability of pakchoi varieties.【Result】There were abundant genetic diversity among different traits of 20 varieties of pakchoi.The variation range of the genetic diversity index(H')of quality traits was between 0.00 and 1.16,and the variation range of leaf color was highest(1.16).The H'of quantitative traits ranged from 0.88 to 1.59 with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.41.The coefficient of variation ranged from large to small,as follows:the weight of single plant>shortened stem longitudinal diameter>wide petiole>wide leaf width>height>petiole length>waist width>shortened stem transverse diameter>leaf length>plant width>dry matter rate>net vegetable rate.The vitamin C content of 20 non-heading pakchoi varieties was 72.89-396.82 mg/100 gFW,the content of crude fiber ranged was 3.81%-23.00%,the nitrite content was 0.32-3.13μg/g,and the nitrate content was 16.67-604.72 mg/kgFW.The average of membership function of 12 quantity traits was between 0.22 and 0.81.The correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant positive correlation between plant height and plant width,waist,leaf length,leaf width and single plant weight(P<0.01,the same below).There was extremely significant positive correlation between plant width and waist,leaf length,leaf width,and between waist and leaf length,leaf width and single weight.There was significant positive correlation between leaf width and short stem transverse diameter(P<0.05),the correlation coefficient was 0.476.Petiole width was negatively correlated with short stem longitudinal diameter,and extremely positively correlated with dry matter rate,and short stem transverse diameter was extremely positively correlated with single plant weight.The extracted characteristic values of the eight principal components were all above 1.0,and the cumulative contribution rate of the eight principal components reached 87.45%.The 20 Chinese pakchoi varieties were clustered into five groups by cluster analysis.There are five resources in groupⅠ,three in groupⅡ,one in groupⅢ,one in groupⅤ,and 10 resources in groupⅣ,among them,XialüNo.2,Chunyou No.5 and JinglüNo.7 of group II had the best commercial properties.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity index and variation degree of phenotypic traits of pakchoi resources are high,and there are abundant variation degree and diversity,and the nutrient content of different pakchoi resources is obviously different.Through comprehensive membership function and nutrient composition analysis,the three pakchoi varieties of Chunyou No.5 and Chunyou No.2 present fine performance in open field planting in Qinghai,they are suitable for promotion in Qinghai.