气象因子与烤烟美拉德反应产物的相关分析

Correlation analysis between meteorological factors and Maillard reaction products of flue-cured tobacco

【目的】探究气象因子与烤烟美拉德反应产物的关联程度,为合理进行烤烟种植区划及生产特色优质烟叶提供理论指导。【方法】从湖南省桃源县国家一般气象站收集2014—2018年桃源县烟区逐月平均气温、逐月日照时数和逐月降水量的气象数据,采集6个乡镇的烟叶样品进行美拉德反应产物含量测定,对各气象因子与烤烟美拉德反应产物进行描述统计、简单相关和典型相关统计分析。【结果】桃源县烟区平均气温和日照时数基本满足烟叶生长需要,而降水相对较多。其烤烟美拉德反应产物以糠醛为主,各产物均具有中等强度变异。简单相关分析结果表明,在烟叶美拉德反应产物中,月平均气温和月平均日照时数对美拉德反应产物影响明显,其中糠醛含量与8月平均日照时数呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同),糠醇含量与7月平均气温及5月、7月平均日照时数呈显著负相关。典型相关分析结果表明,气象因子对烤烟美拉德反应产物影响的排序为月平均日照时数>月平均气温>月平均降水量;4月和8月的平均气温及3月的平均日照时数对美拉德反应产物中的糠醇、糠醛和3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮含量影响显著或极显著(P<0.01)。【结论】烤烟大田期的月平均气温和月平均日照时数与烤烟美拉德反应产物含量密切相关。桃源县烤烟种植中应选择日照时间相对较长的地区或耐高温的烤烟品种,可在一定程度上提高烤烟美拉德反应产物的总量。

【Objective】Exploring the correlation between meteorological factors and Maillard reaction products of flue-cured tobacco in order to provide theoretical guidance for rationally dividing flue-cured tobacco planting and producing characteristic and high-quality tobacco leaves.【Method】Meteorological data of monthly average temperature,monthly sunshine hours and monthly rainfall in Taoyuan tobacco area from 2014 to 2018 were collected from the National General Meteorological Station of Taoyuan County,Hunan Province.Tobacco leaves from six townships were collected for the determination of Maillard reaction.Descriptive statistics,simple correlation and canonical correlation statistical analysis were carried out for each meteorological factor and the Maillard reaction products of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】The average temperature and sunshine hours in the tobacco area of Taoyuan County basically met the needs of tobacco leaf growth,but the precipitation was relatively high.The Maillard reaction product was mainly furfural,and each product had a moderate intensity variation.Simple correlation analysis results showed:among the Maillard reaction products of tobacco leaves,the monthly average temperature and monthly average sunshine hours had obvious effects on the Maillard reaction products.Among them,the furfural content had a significant positive correlation with the average sunshine hours in August(P<0.05,the same below).Furfuryl alcohol content was significantly negatively correlated with the average temperature in July and the average sunshine hours in May and July.The canonical correlation analysis results showed,the effects of meteorological factors of light,temperature and water on the Maillard reaction products of tobacco leaves were:monthly average sunshine hours>monthly average temperature>monthly average rainfall;the average temperature in April and August and the average sunshine hours in March had an effect on the Maillard reaction products.The content of furfuryl alcohol,furfural and 2,5-furandione,dihydro-3,4-dimethyl had significant or extremely significant effect(P<0.01).【Conclusion】The monthly average temperature and monthly average sunshine hours of flue-cured tobacco in the Taoyuan tobacco area of Hunan are closely related to the Maillard reaction product content of tobacco leaves.Long sunshine time or high temperature resistant flue-cured tobacco varieties can be selected so that it can increase the total product of fluecured tobacco Maillard reaction in a certain extent.