劳动教育的课程与教学——基于义务教育阶段《道德与法治》教材的文本研究

Curriculum and Teaching of Labor Education--Based on a Text Analysis of Morality and Law for Compulsory Education

劳动教育是培养社会主义公民的主要内容。《道德与法治》教材中的劳动教育主题从内容维度,把劳动分成自我服务、家务劳动、校园劳动、社会劳动和国际劳动;从形式维度,把劳动分成观察劳动、模拟劳动、体验劳动和合作劳动;从概念层面,把劳动分成经济学劳动、社会学劳动和政治学劳动。根据这些劳动类型在教材里的分布情况,判定小学与初中《道德与法治》教材文本中劳动类型体现得不平衡,在经济学、社会学劳动之间缺乏关联,政治学劳动概念空缺。为了提高《道德与法治》劳动教育效果,在学科中开展劳动教育首先要符合劳动特点,其次要恰当发挥观察学习的课堂优势,再次要把重点放在劳动素养的培育上,最后需要体现《道德与法治》的学科特征,彰显经济学、社会学和政治学的劳动价值。

Labor education is the main content of cultivating socialist citizens.This paper studies the theme of labor education in the textbook of Morality and Law.From the content dimension,labor is divided into self-service,housework,campus labor,social labor and international labor;from the form dimension,labor is divided into observation labor,simulation labor,experience labor and cooperative labor;and from the perspective of the conceptual level,labor is divided into economic labor,sociological labor and political labor.According to the distribution of these labor types in the textbook,this paper believes that there is an imbalance of the labor types from Morality and Law used in primary and secondary schools,a lack of connection between economic and social labor,and a lack of concept of political labor.In order to improve the effect of labor education in using Morality and Law,this paper proposes that firstly the characteristics of labor should be fully understood when labor education is carried out;secondly the advantages of observational learning in classes should be properly focused on;thirdly the cultivation of labor literacy should be emphasized;and finally the discipline features of Morality and Law should be properly shown and the labor value in economics,sociology and politics should be reflected.