伊犁地区不同品种(系)平欧杂种榛开花物候观测

Flowering Phenology of Different Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana Varieties(lines)in Yili Area

以新疆伊犁地区引种栽培的33个平欧杂种榛品种(系)为材料,对其雌、雄花的开花时间、花期长度以及试验地温度进行调查观测,通过聚类分析等方法评价不同品种(系)平欧杂种榛开花物候期的特点和差异。结果表明:伊犁地区平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花一般于3月初开花,雄花萌动期相差不大,雌、雄花于3月中旬进入盛花期,3月底左右到达终花期。雄花的花期长度为10~22 d,雌花的花期长度为13~20 d。不同品种(系)平欧杂种榛的雄花松动期和雌花初期的时间较为分散,而雄花终期和雌花盛期的时间较为集中。各品种(系)平欧杂种榛雌花的物候期一般都与雄花的物候期存在重叠,相遇期8 d,可以保证正常授粉。2018年伊犁地区春季气温回升较快,花期内温度变化较大,是影响各品种(系)平欧杂种榛花期差异的主要原因之一。通过聚类分析,可将33个品种(系)平欧杂种榛分为4类。

With 33 hybrid hazelnut varieties(lines)introduced and cultivated in Yili,Xinjiang,the flowering time,length of flowering period and temperature of the experimental ground were investigated and observed,and the characteristics and differences of different varieties(lines)of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana varieties(lines)in flowering phenological period were evaluated by cluster analysis.The female and male flowers of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana in Yili generally blooms in early march.The difference of male flower germination stage was not obvious.The male and female flowers entered the flowering stage in mid-march and reached the final flowering stage around the end of march.The flowering length of male flowers was 10-22 d and that of female flowers was 13-20 d.The time of male flower-loosening and female flower-initialing stage were scattered,but the time of male flower-terminal stage and female flower-peak stage were concentrated.The phenological period of the female flower of different varieties(lines)is usually overlapped with that of the male,and the meeting period is 8 d,which can ensure the normal pollination.In the spring of 2018,the temperature in Yili rose rapidly,and the temperature in the flowering period changed greatly,which was one of the main reasons affecting the difference in the flowering period of different varieties(lines)of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana.By cluster analysis,33 Corylus heterophylla×C.avellanevarieties(lines)could be divided into 4 categories.