丘陵山区茶园自动喷药装置研制

Development of an Automatic Spraying Device for Tea Garden Management in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

为解决丘陵山区茶园喷药技术落后、药液利用率低、农药大量浪费的问题,设计了一种丘陵山区茶园自动喷药装置.装置采用水平可调节式支架,可通过齿轮齿条平行轴传动机构,使支架水平方向可调节范围达900~1900 mm.控制系统以主控芯片STM32F103为核心,使用C语言编程实现对喷杆喷药距离的采集与处理以及对电机、电磁阀的控制,实现自动化喷药.实验结果表明:喷头到茶树冠表层的距离为400 mm、喷头压力为0.35 MPa时喷药效果最佳;在该喷药距离下,空气阻力对喷头参数不造成影响;该喷药条件下喷雾角为102.6°,雾滴粒径为89.784μm,小于100μm容易被植物叶面吸收,液量分布变异系数值均小于标准中规定的50%,满足国家标准对机动喷雾机作业质量的要求.

In order to solve the problems of backward spraying technology,low utilization rate of liquid medicine and waste of pesticide in tea gardens in hilly areas,an automatic spraying device was designed in a study reported in this paper.The device adopted the horizontal adjustable bracket,which could be driven by the pinion and rack parallel shaft,so that the adjustable range of the horizontal direction of the bracket was 900-1900 mm.The control system took the main control chip STM32F103 as the core,and used C language programming to realize the collection and treatment of the spraying distance of the spray rod and the control of the motor and solenoid valve,so as to realize automatic spraying.The results of a test showed that the spraying effect was the best when the distance between the sprinkler head and the surface of the tea plant canopy was 400mm and the pressure of the sprinkler head was 0.35 mpa.Within this spraying distance,the air resistance did not affect the nozzle parameters.Under this spraying condition,the spray angle was 102.6°and the droplet diameter was 89.784μm<100μm,and it was easy to be absorbed by the plant leaf surface.The coefficient of variation of liquid distribution was less than 50%as stipulated in the standard,which met the operation quality requirements of the national standard.