生态文明维度下孟子天人关系思想新论

A New Study about Mencius’Thought of the Relationship between Man and Nature from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

习近平生态文明思想蕴含着中国传统哲学中的生态智慧。孟子的天人关系思想无疑具有重要的研究价值,孟子所说的天包括主宰之天、命运之天、义理之天和自然之天。对主宰之天,孟子主张乐天、畏天而重人;对命运之天,孟子主张顺天、知天而抗天;对义理之天,孟子主张尽心、知天而事天;对自然之天,孟子认为要知天、顺天而用天。孟子既有天人合一思想又有天人相分思想,因此,必须遵循明分和动态的原则来准确把握孟子的天人观。“生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰”,在今天,绵延数千年的“天人合一”生态基因依然是我国生态文明建设的文化内核。

Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization contains the ecological wisdom in Chinese traditional philosophy.Mencius’thought of the relationship between man and nature undoubtedly has important research value.Mencius said that Tian includes the Tian of God,the Tian of fate,the Tian of Yi Li(morality)and the Tian of nature.Mencius’attitude to different Tian is different.First,Mencius considered that we should enjoy the Tian of God,revere the Tian of God and pay attention to Ren(people).Second,Mencius considered that we should obey the Tian of fate,know the Tian of fate to fight against it.Third,Mencius considered that we should devote our hearts and souls to the Tian of Yi Li,and undertake the mission of it.Finally,Mencius considered that we should obey and know the Tian of nature so we can use it.Therefore,Mencius not only has the thought of“harmony between man and nature”,but also has the thought of“Tian and Ren are two different parts”.To accurately grasp Mencius thought of the relationship between Tian and Ren,we must follow the principles of clear allocation and dynamic condition.A healthy ecology leads to a prosperous civilization while an unhealthy one will ruin a civilization.Today,the“harmony between man and nature”ecological gene is still the cultural core of ecological civilization construction in China.