地方环境约束目标对经济增长的影响效应

Research on the impact of the local government’s environmental protection constraint target on economic growth

从2003~2017年中国283个地级市的政府工作报告中,收集了各年度各城市的环境保护约束目标,考察了各类环境约束目标对经济增长的影响.研究发现,对于SO2等工业污染物的直接约束能够在促使政府提升环境治理力度的同时,释放经济增长红利;关于空气质量优良天数和PM2.5浓度的间接约束不足以刺激污染型企业转型,且导致经济增长速度放缓.无环境约束将产生正向经济增长效应,但会以环境污染为代价.中间机制检验结果显示,产业结构和环境治理是环境约束影响经济增长的主要传导渠道.在环境保护约束的特征方面,约束目标“加码”将抑制经济增长,设定污染物减排区间更有利于发挥经济增长效应.经济与环境协调度方面,对环境污染物设定约束目标有助于促进经济与环境协调发展,无约束则不利于经济增长和环境保护双重目标的实现.地方政府应在明确设定污染物排放目标的基础上,遵循渐进原则对环境保护约束目标进行调整.

The environmental protection constraint targets were collected from the reports on the work of 283prefecture-level governments in China from 2003to 2017,and the effects of different environmental constraint targets on economic growth were examined systematically.Both the environmental governance was strengthened by government and economic growth dividends were released,which were attributed to the direct constraints on industrial pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO2).The polluting enterprises were not encouraged by the indirect constraints on days of good air quality and PM2.5 to transform,and the economic growth was faced with a slowdown.A positive economic effect was made by no environmental constraint at a cost of environmental pollution however.The intermediate mechanism test reveals that industrial structure and environmental governance were the main channels through which environmental constraints affected economic growth.In terms of the characteristics of environmental protection constraints,the economic growth was restrained by the amplification of constraint targets while setting a pollutant emission reduction interval was more conducive to economic growth.In the aspect of the coordination between economy and environment,making constraints on environmental pollutants promoted economic and environment to develop coordinately,and no environmental constraint was not beneficial for economic growth and environmental protection.Local governments should adjust the environmental protection constraint targets gradually on the basis of specific pollutant emission goals.