海洛因戒断者对金钱和社会奖赏的敏感性

Sensitivity of heroin abstainers to monetary and social rewards

目的:探讨海洛因戒断者在金钱和社会奖赏加工上的异常表现。方法:符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-IV)阿片类药物诊断标准的男性海洛因戒断者32例,以及年龄、受教育年限匹配的正常男性29例。采用金钱奖赏延迟(MID)任务和社会奖赏延迟(SID)任务考察两组被试在两种奖赏中的反应时和正确率,以及其对任务的感兴趣程度。结果:正常对照组随着奖赏幅度的提高其反应速度加快,且在三种奖赏幅度上的反应时两两之间的差异均存在统计学意义[(538.2±15.0)ms vs.(499.1±14.3)ms vs.(479.9±13.8)ms,P<0.001],而海洛因戒断组在三种奖赏幅度上的反应时两两之间的差异均无统计学意义[(534.5±14.1)ms vs.(526.0±13.4)ms vs.(521.1±12.9)ms,P>0.05];正常对照组[(94.1±1.1)%vs.(95.7±0.9)%vs.(94.9±1.1)%]和海洛因戒断组[(95.3±0.1)%vs.(95.2±0.9)%vs.(95.1±1.0)%]在三种奖赏幅度上的正确率两两之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);海洛因戒断组对任务的感兴趣程度低于正常对照组[(4.5±0.2)vs.(5.8±0.2),P<0.01]。结论:海洛因戒断者对奖赏幅度的敏感性降低,并可能普遍存在于金钱和社会奖赏中。

Objective:To explore the abnormal performance of heroin abstainers in monetary and social rewards processing.Methods:According to the evaluation of professional doctors in a drug rehabilitation center,32male heroin abstainers and 29normal men matched in age and years of education were selected,who met the diagnostic criteria of opiates in DSM-IV.The MID task and SID task were used to investigate the response time,accuracy,and the degree of interest in the task of the two groups.Results:The response speed of the normal control group increased with the increase of the reward range,and there was a significant difference in the response time of the three reward ranges[(538.2±15.0)ms vs.(499.1±14.3)ms vs.(479.9±13.8)ms,P<0.001],while there was no significant difference in the response time of the heroin withdrawal group in the three reward ranges[(534.5±14.1)ms vs.(526.0±13.4)ms vs.(521.1±12.9)ms,P>0.05].There was no significant difference in the accuracy of three reward ranges between the normal control group[(94.1±1.1)%vs.(95.7±0.9)%vs.(94.9±1.1)%]and the heroin withdrawal group[(95.3±0.1)%vs.(95.2±0.9)%vs.(95.1±1.0)%](P>0.05)The level of interest in task in heroin withdrawal group was lower than that in normal control group[(4.5±0.2)vs.(5.8±0.2),P=0.001].Conclusion:The sensitivity of heroin abstainers to reward range is decreased,while the sensitivity of heroin abstainers to reward range may be commonly found in monetary and social rewards.