海口市社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状分析

Analysis on the Situation of the Diabetes’ Self-management Behavior in Communities of Shanghai

目的研究海口市社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状及影响因素,为海口市开展社区糖尿病自我管理项目提供建议。方法采用简单抽样法调查海口市社区300例2型糖尿病患者的自我管理能力。利用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果接受调查的患者自我管理能力平均得分为(47.85±12.67)分;饮酒管理得分最高,饮食管理得分最低。职业、心理负担和有无并发症是影响糖尿病患者自我管理能力最广泛的因素。利用多元回归分析发现,除性别因素对糖尿病患者吸烟、饮酒管理影响较大外,是否接受健康教育影响糖尿病患者血糖监测和饮食管理能力,患病后的心理负担能够促使患者遵医嘱和主动监测血糖。结论海口市社区2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力不高,要重视糖尿病患者特别是男性患者的吸烟管理。患病时的心理负担虽然能够提高其自我管理能力,但随着病程的延长,患者的饮食、遵医嘱及主动监测血糖等管理行为都有所下降。鉴于久病患者对专科临床治疗的依赖,有必要将住院期间的健康教育延伸至社区,强化其自我管理行为。

OBJECTIVE To carry out diabetes self-management project in Haikou, it investigated the type 2 diabetes mellitus’ s(T2 DM)situation and influencing factors on the self-management behavior in Haikou. METHODS A simple random self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the self-management capacity of 300 diabetic(type 2)patients at 18 age and above in communities of Haikou.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The patients average score of self-management ability was(47.85 ±12.67). The score of drinking management was the highest and the score diet management was the lowest. The factors of the occupation, mental burden and complication were influenced the patients of self-management widely. According to the multivariate regression analysis, except the gender factors influencing on smoking and drinking management in the diabetic patients, whether being received health education affected the ability of blood glucose monitoring and diet management behavior. The mental burden would promote patients to comply with doctor’s orders and blood glucose monitoring. CONCLUSION The self-management ability of diabetic patients in Haikou community was not high, more attention should be paid in smoking management especially male patients. Although the mental burden of patients has an positive effect on the improvement of self-management ability, but with the prolongation of the disease course,the management behavior of patients’ diet, follow doctor’s orders, actively monitor blood glucose all were slowly down. It was necessary to extend the health education in hospital to the community to improve the self-management ability of the diabetic patients.