贵州省1627口农村小水窖饮用水水质卫生学调查

Hygiene Investigation of 1627 Pit Water Quality in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省农村小水窖饮用水水质状况及相关的影响因素,为后续工作的开展提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样调查的方法,选取适宜的调查点开展问卷调查,了解小水窖基础信息,采集窖水水样进行检测,并对检测的25项指标合格率及相关影响因素进行分析。结果共检测1 627份小水窖饮用水水样,总合格率为48.74%。不合格指标主要是微生物学指标,其次为感官性状和一般化学指标,其中合格率最低的是总大肠菌群(50.70%)。不同因素间水质合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论贵州省农村小水窖饮用水微生物指标和感官性状指标均有不同程度的超标,普遍存在消毒剂使用不规范、设施配备不足等问题。应加强卫生宣传教育,提高居民的安全饮水意识。

OBJECTIVE To explore the pit water quality and the factors that affect the quality of pit water in the rural areas of Guizhou Province, provide a scientific basis for the subsequent work. METHODS Random sampling method was used to select suitable points for the survey questionnaire, to know the basic information of pit. Pit water was collected and tested according to national standard.Qualification rate of twenty-five indicators and the influence factors was analyzed. RESULTS It tested 1 627 tip water samples, the total qualification rate was 48.74%, and unqualified indicator was mainly microbiological indicators, followed by the sensory properties of indicators, including indicators of the lowest passing rate of the total coliforms(50.70%)and chloride(97.79%). The difference of total qualification rate between different factors was statistically significant(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Microbiology indicators and sensory traits of Guizhou Province rural tip water had different degrees of exceeding targets, the non-standard usage of disinfectant and lack of disinfection facilities were common. It needed to strengthen sanitary propaganda and education, and to improve resident’s awareness of safe drinking water.