高血压自我管理小组在社区健康教育中的应用

Application of Hypertension Self-Management Group in Community Health Education

目的探索社区高血压自我管理工作方式在社区健康教育中的作用。方法从社区高血压患者中挑选依从性好,自愿加入自我管理小组的患者140名,分10组,每组14人,分别由家庭医生式服务团队的护士和推选的1名高血压患者作为小组长开展活动,连续6周每周开展1次活动,每次1个小时左右。之后每个月活动1次,活动总的持续时间为2年。在组员入组前和入组2年后进行相同的问卷测评,采用自身对照的方法,对比高血压患者在高血压相关知识掌握方面、生活行为方面的变化,评价高血压自我管理小组在社区健康教育中的作用。结果组员在高血压的诊断标准、高血压是终身疾病、高血压得不到控制会损害肾脏、高血压得不到控制会引起眼部病变、知道自己血压水平、高盐饮食与高血压的发生有关和血压控制稳定时必须坚持用药7个方面的慢性病知识知晓率分别提高了35.58%、21.43%、28.74%、43.58%、48.57%、12.86%和47.14%。在坚持用药、低盐饮食、监测血压、坚持锻炼和与病友交流5个方面行为改变率分别提高了42.86%、22.14%、39.29%、34.29%和47.86%。结论高血压自我管理这种健康教育工作方式,在高血压患者的自我管理和自我监测方面有一定效果,为高血压的社区管理提供了基础,在社区的高血压防治以及健康管理中发挥重要作用。

OBJECTIVE To explore the role of hypertension self-management in community health education. METHODS It selects 140 patients with high blood pressure in community who voluntarily take part in this research. The patients are divided into 10 groups,with 14 persons each. This activity is guided by community home nurse and selected 1 patient leader,which firstly sustains 6 weeks with 1 hour each. 6 weeks later,the activity will sustain 2 years with 1 hour each month. Evaluation of the role of hypertension selfmanagement group in community health education is through the same questionnaires done by the team members with 2 years before and after and compares the changes of hypertension-related knowledge and life behavior of patients with hypertension using contrasting methods. RESULTS The team members’ awareness rates of chronic diseases have increased by 35.58%,21.43%,28.74%,43.58%,48.57%,12.86%,and 47.14%,respectively which are as followed:the diagnostic criteria of hypertension,a lifelong disease,uncontrolled hypertension can damage the kidneys,uncontrolled hypertension can cause eye disease,know blood pressure level,high-salt diet is associated with the development of hypertension and drugs must be adhered to when blood pressure is stable.The behavior change rate in the 5 areas of adherence to medication,low-salt diet,blood pressure monitoring,exercise,and communication with patients increased by 42.86%,22.14%,39.29%,34.29% and 47.86%. CONCLUSION Hypertension self-management health education has certain effects on the self-management and self-monitoring of hypertensive patients,provides a foundation for the community management of hypertension,and plays an important role in the prevention and health management of hypertension in the community.