不同年龄阶段男女性颈动脉斑块检出率及危险因素分析

Analysis of Carotid Plaque Detection Rate and Risk Factors in Male and Femal at Different Ages

目的调查临床不同年龄阶段男女性颈动脉斑块检出率,并探讨相关的危险因素,为颈动脉斑块的防治提供临床流行病学依据。方法以上海市闵行区虹桥社区2017年度所有进行健康体检的1 381例人群作为研究群体,根据是否有颈动脉斑块,分为无颈动脉斑块组和有颈动脉斑块组。同时采集有无高血压病史、糖尿病和高血脂病史及实验室检查数据。结果健康体检人群中颈动脉斑块的总检出率为54.67%,不同年龄阶段群体中随着年龄增长颈动脉斑块的检出率呈现逐年升高趋势(P<0.05)。男性人群中颈动脉斑块的检出率为66.77%,而女性人群则为44.90%,两者比较存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、高龄、高血压史、糖尿病史和高糖化血红蛋白是颈动脉斑块的危险因素。结论临床上颈动脉斑块检出率随着年龄增加而上升,不同性别中男性检出率较高。高龄、男性、高血压病、糖尿病史和糖化血红蛋白水平是发生颈动脉斑块的危险因素,针对不同年龄阶段和不同性别采取不同的干预方式对防治动脉硬化的发生和进展具有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of carotid plaque in male and female of different ages,and to explore the relat⁃ed risk factors,so as to provide clinical epidemiological basis for the prevention and treatment of carotid plaque.METHODS As a re⁃search group,1381 people who underwent physical examination in Hongqiao Community in 2017 were selected as the study groupand divided into the group without carotid plaque and the group with carotid plaqueaccording to the presence or absence of carotid plaque.Previous historyof whether have hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemiawere collected.RESULTS The total detection rate of carotid plaque was 54.67%.The detection rate of carotid plaque in different age groups increased by years(P<0.05).The detection rate of ca⁃rotid plaque was 66.77%in the male population and 44.90%in the female population,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male,old age,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were risk factors for carotid plaque.CONCLUSION The detection rate of carotid plaque increased with age,and the detection rate was higher in male than female.Advanced age,male,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,and glycosylated hemo⁃globin level were risk factors for the development of carotid plaque.It is of great significance to adopt different intervention methods according to different age stages and gender to prevent and cure the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis.