“一带一路”倡议下中国跨境电商的政策演进与发展态势

Policy Evolution and Development Trend of China’s Cross-Border E-Commerce under the Belt and Road Initiative

从进出口税费、货物监管和配套服务三个维度系统梳理"一带一路"倡议提出以来中国政府的跨境电商政策,发现进出口税费的持续优化、"鼓励创新、包容审慎"的货物监管原则、支付结算和跨境物流等配套服务提升,正在为中国跨境电商的高速发展提供有力支撑。基于进出口贸易和交易类型,将中国跨境电商的主要模式划分为进口B2B、进口B2C、出口B2B和出口B2C四类,在阐明每类模式运作流程的基础上,梳理中国各类跨境电商模式的代表性平台/企业,并揭示中国跨境电商"出口总值占优,进口比重增长;B2B总值占优,B2C比重增长"的发展态势。在此基础上,从政策、模式等视角提出开放监管并举、推广中国标准,优化细分结构、鼓励模式创新等建议,以促进中国跨境电商进一步发展。

This paper systematically sorts out the CBEC policies promulgated by the Chinese government since the Belt and Road Initiative from the three dimensions of import and export taxes and fees,cargo supervision,and supporting services.It is found that the continuous optimization of import and export taxes and fees,the principle of"innovation,tolerance and prudence"on cargo supervision,and the improvement of supporting services such as payment and settlement and cross-border logistics are providing strong support for the rapid development of China’s CBEC.Then,based on the types of import and export trade and transactions,the main modes of Chinese CBEC are divided into four categories,i.e.,imported B2 B,imported B2 C,exported B2 B,and exported B2 C.On the basis of clarifying the operation process of each mode,this paper summarizes the representative platforms for each CBEC mode in China and reveals the development trend of China’s CBEC mode,namely"export value is dominant while import proportion continues to increase;B2 B value is dominant and B2 C proportion continues to increase".In conclusion,this paper believes that the Chinese government should adhere to openness and supervision,actively promote Chinese standards,and encourage model innovation to promote the further development of CBEC.