布克·华盛顿非裔美国人教育思想与实践的“进步性”研究

Study on the Progressiveness of Booker T.Washington's Educational Thought and Practice of A frican-American

针对南北战争后南方重建时期美国民族与民族教育问题,布克·华盛顿以社会平等和谐为目的,在黑人学校塔斯克基学院创办过程中,从教育目的观、课程与教学观、德育观到教育功能观构建相对完整的非裔美国人教育思想与实践体系,具有时代进步性。其“进步性”体现在三个方面:从教育学视角来看,是进步主义教育运动的有机组成部分,具有进步主义教育的性质;从政治学视角来看,开启了黑人自我振兴之先河,具有长远的政治意义;从社会学视角来看,有效地改善了黑白族群关系,具有积极的社会意义。三者相辅相成,有机联系,具有美国进步主义运动的“进步性”,代表了美国民族教育的务实方向,在美国社会产生了广泛而深远的影响。

Booker T.Washington was an African-American politician and educator during the late 19th and early 20th century.To solve the problems of ethnic groups,to promote ethnic education in South Re-construction of America after the Civil War,and to achieve social equality and ha rmony,Washington built up a relatively complete system of educational thought and practice concerning African-American in the course of running Tus kegee Institute,a black school,which included views on education purpose,curricu-lum and teaching,moral education and education function,and reflected the progressiveness of the Times.Its progressiveness lied in the following three aspects.From the perspective of pedagogy,his educational thought and practice consisted of an organic part of Progressive Education,with the nature of Progressive Education.From the perspective of political science,it initiated the self-revitalization of African-Ameri-can,which has long-term political significance.From the perspective of sociology,it effectively improved America's race relations between the black and white and had positive social significance.The three aspects were organically connected with each other.Booker T.Washington's educational thought and practice of African-American represented the pragmatic direction of American ethnic education with the“pro-gressiveness”of the American progressive movement and had exerted a farreaching influence on the Amer-ican society.