学术与政治的交织——明初《书传会选》的纂修及其影响

The Interweaving of Academy and Politics—The Compilation of Shuzhuan Huixuan and Its Significance

明太祖对《尚书》的关注,对《蔡传》的持续批评,是纂修《书传会选》的直接动因。《会选》修订《蔡传》,强调文本的普及性特征,凸显出当时重要的治国理念和社会问题,与修纂的官方性质、修纂者的主观思想以及修纂时代的政治风气息息相关。纂修者希望兼顾纠正《蔡传》的学术目的和宣传经典的社会效益,但《会选》在文本普及和学术批判上都未能获得成功。明中期以后,偶有祝允明、顾炎武及四库馆臣推尊《会选》。不过,这种推尊并未直面《会选》的主体性价值,而是将《会选》当作《蔡传》《书传大全》乃至整个明代学术的对立面,成为批判明代学术、政治的一个支点。

Zhu Yuanzhang’s attention to Shangshu and his continuous criticism of Caichen’s Shujizhuan are the direct motives for compiling Shu Zhuan Huixuan.The revision of Cai Zhuan in Huixuan emphasizes the universality of the text,highlights the important ideas of governing the country and social problems at that time,and is closely related to the official nature of the compilation,the subjective thoughts of the compilers and the political atmosphere of the compilation era.The compilers hope to correct Cai Zhuan and publicize the social benefits of the classics,but Huixuan has not achieved great success in the popularization of texts and academic criticism.After the mid-Ming Dynasty,occasionally Zhu Yunming,Gu Yanwu and Siku Guanchen respected Huixuan.However,this kind of esteem does not directly face the subjective value of Huixuan,but regards Huixuan as the opposite of Cai Zhuan,Shuzhuan Daquan and even the whole Ming Dynasty academy,and becomes a fulcrum to criticize the situation of Song and Song studies in the Ming Dynasty,or the academic atmosphere and achievements in the Ming Dynasty.