汉密尔顿工商建国论与农业共和国的现代转型

Hamilton’s Thought of State Building by Industry and Commerce and the Modern Transformation of the Agricultural Republicanism

传统学术观念认为,建国时期的美国存在两种相互竞争的国家经济模式构想:一种是杰斐逊倡导的农业经济模式;一种则是汉密尔顿倡导的工商业经济模式。这两种模式的竞争最终以杰斐逊模式的胜利而告终。但事实上,真正的争论存在于杰斐逊的农业建国模式与反联邦党人“阿格里帕”的商业建国模式之间,汉密尔顿在反驳这两种建国模式的同时提出了自己的学说,他一方面强调个人择业的自由,另一方面强调国家经济的独立自主。汉密尔顿的工商建国学说修正了共和思想传统中的农业要素,进而开辟了传统共和国向现代国家转型的道路。

The traditional academic idea is that there were two competing national economic models in the United States during its founding period.One was the agricultural economic model advocated by Jefferson,and the other was the industrial and commercial economic model advocated by Hamilton.The competition between these two models was ultimately ended by the triumph of Jefferson’s.But in fact,the real controversy lied between Jefferson’s agricultural state-building model and the anti-Federalist“Agrippa”’s commercial state-building model.Refuting these two models,Hamilton put forward his own theory of industrial and commercial state-building.Hamilton emphasized the freedom of individual career choice on the one hand,and the independence of the national economy on the other.Hamilton’s theory of state-building by industry and commerce revised the agricultural elements in the republican ideological tradition,and opened up a path for the transformation of a traditional republic into a modern state.